A stunning 12-year time-lapse video of the entire sky, created by .N.A.S.A, shows how the environment around us has changed.

A time-lapse video created by a N.A.S.A satellite observatory demonstrates how the sky has altered over the past ten years. Photographs of the cosmos’ wonders let us see them, but moving pictures let us experience them.

Videos of the sky’s motion and change are being produced by N.A.S.A’s NEOWISE satellite telescope. The Near-Earth Object Wide Field Infrared Survey Explorer (NEOWISE), a N.A.S.A satellite that orbits the Sun every six months, takes pictures in all directions.

This map contains hundreds of millions of objects after the photographs have been combined. In essence, researchers used 18 all-sky maps (the 19th and 20th will be released in March 2023) to create a time-lapse movie showing changes over the last ten years.

Astronomers may learn a great deal about the universe from each map. However, they become even more valuable tools for teaching pupils about it when they are seen as a time-lapse. Time-domain astronomy can be used to compare the maps and find far-off objects that have altered in brightness or location over time.

According to Amy Mainzer, the University of Arizona’s NEOWISE principal investigator, “the night sky looks to change quite minimally.” The sky is filled with stars that are continually exploding and flashing. The asteroids pass past. Stars are ripped apart by black holes. The universe is a very dynamic and active place.

As an observatory tasked with searching our galaxy for extrasolar objects and doing research on them, WISE was launched in 2009. The original purpose of NEOWISE was to retrieve WISE asteroid detections through data processing.

The spacecraft’s cryogenically cooled detectors picked up infrared light. The world’s brightest galaxies and nearby, cool stars generate infrared light, which is invisible to the human eye. When the coolant on board ran out in 2011, the WISE mission came to an end, although the spacecraft and some of its infrared detectors continued to function.

In order to track asteroids and other near-Earth objects, N.A.S.A modified the system in 2013. The spacecraft and the expedition were both given the new name NEOWISE. Despite the change, astronomers continue to examine extrasolar objects using information from infrared telescopes.

In 2020, a list of items from 12 NEOWISE all-sky maps was made available as part of the CatWISE project. This collection focuses on brown dwarfs, which are found throughout the cosmos and hide in the shadows not far from our Sun.

Brown dwarfs don’t go through the fusion process that stars do, despite the fact that they start out as stars. Due to their proximity to Earth, brown dwarfs appear to move more quickly than farther away stars traveling at the same speed.

By searching the inventory for objects that move amid billions of others, one can locate brown dwarfs. As a companion project to CatWISE, Backyard Worlds: Planet 9 allows citizen scientists to go through NEOWISE data.

Brown Dwarf Mapping

Using WISE’s original two all-sky scans, some 200 brown dwarfs were discovered within 65 light-years of our Sun. As a result of the new maps, 60 more Y-dwarfs, the coldest brown dwarfs, have been detected.

Warmer brown dwarfs could provide a different story about how and when they formed than Y-dwarfs. As a result of these discoveries, our solar neighbourhood is now ornamented with a variety of objects. A more complete census of brown dwarfs close to the Sun allows scientists to calculate how efficient star creation is in our galaxy.

A decade of studying the sky has also helped scientists comprehend how stars emerge. Dusty blankets shroud protostars as they evolve into stars, allowing NEOWISE to look inside their obscuring cocoons.

Protostars flicker and flare as a result of the accumulation of mass in the dust clouds that surround them throughout time. Astronomers use NEOWISE to follow the lifecycles of roughly 1,000 protostars over time to better understand how stars form.

Black holes are now better understood thanks to NEOWISE data. Millions of supermassive black holes were found at the centers of far-off galaxies as part of the original WISE survey. Recently, the size of hot gas discs encircling distant black holes was measured using NEOWISE data and an echo mapping method.

These objects are too tiny to be visible with a telescope. Overall, NEOWISE has significantly advanced our knowledge of the solar system, nearby stars, and distant, undiscovered things such

. Overall, NEOWISE has greatly advanced our knowledge of the solar system, nearby stars, as well as far-off, unobserved objects like supermassive black holes.

Soucre: news.sci-nature.com